CCD photometry inVRI bands of the galactic cluster NGC 2818     

R. Surendiranath  N. Kameswara Rao  Ram Sagar  J. S. Nathan  K. K. Ghosh 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1990,11(2):151-166

bdAbstract The open cluster NGC 2818 containing a planetary nebula has been observed inVRI bands using the CCD system at prime focus of the 2.3-metre Vainu Bappu Telescope. The study extending to starsV ∼ 21 magnitude establishes the distance modulus as(m-M) ₀ = 12.9 ±0.1 for the cluster. Based on the fitting of theoretical isochrones computed for solar metallicity, an age of 5(±1) × 10₈ years has been assigned to the cluster. Association of the planetary nebula with the cluster indicates that the progenitor mass of the planetary nebula on the main sequence is ≥2.5M_⊙ Based on observations obtained with the Vainu Bappu Telescope.  相似文献   

Gravitational instability of interstellar magnetic clouds     

K. K. Ghosh  J. C. Bhattacharyya 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1985,117(1):89-94

The gravitational instability of a nonrotating isothermal gaseous disk permeated by a uniform frozen-in magnetic field is investigated using a fourth-order perturbation technique. From the results it is found that the disk is stable whenn/B ₀ < (4/3³ G)^–1/2, wheren andB are the column density of the disk and unperturbed magnetic field, respectively, andG is the gravitational constant. The disk is gravitationally unstable only whenn/B ₀ > (4/3³ G)^–1/2.  相似文献   

Mapping of suspended sediments using site specific seasonal algorithms     

R. Raaj  M. Ramalingam  S. K. Ghosh  U. C. Kothyari 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2008,36(1):61-68

This article reports a preliminary work in which two site specific seasonal algorithms have been proposed for estimating the suspended sediments concentration (SSC) from the digital numbers recorded on Indian Remote sensing Satellite, IRS-P4 Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) sensor. For estimation of SSC, the proposed algorithms utilize dark pixel deduction atmospheric correction technique. The computations are performed with respect to north east monsoon phase situations of Palk Strait coastal stretch. The algorithms performance was satisfactory during the north east monsoon period. Although the results obtained cannot be generalized, we suggest that the authority of proposed algorithms can be extended to other seasons with the addition of more temporal experimental validation data sets and with numeric constants adjusted to present existing conditions. (As this area was severely affected by Tsunami, it may have dissimilar conditions at present).  相似文献   

Cordierite-garnet-sillimanite-quartz equilibrium: I. New experimental calibration in the system FeO−Al2O3−SiO2−H2O and certain P-T-X H2O relations     

Biswajit Mukhopadhyay  Michael J. Holdaway 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1994,116(4):462-472

The equilibrium in which hydrous Fe-cordierite breaks down to almandine, sillimanite, quartz, and water was previously experimentally determined by Richardson (1968) and Holdaway and Lee (1977) using QMF buffer and by Weisbrod (1973) using QIF buffer. All these studies yielded similar results — a negative dP/dT slope for the equilibrium curve. However, based on theoretical arguments, Martignole and Sisi (1981), and based on Fe-Mg partitioning experiments on coexisting cordierite and garnet in equilibrium with sillimanite and quartz, Aranovich and Podlesskii (1983) suggested that this equilibrium curve has a positive dP/dT slope and its position depends on the water content of the equilibrium cordierite. We have redetermined this equilibrium using a much improved tecnique of detecting reaction direction, and cordierite starting material that contained virtually no hercynite. Hercynite was present as a contaminant in the cordierites of previous experimental studies and possibly reacted with quartz during the experimental runs to expand the apparent stability field of Fe-cordierite. We synthesized Fe-cordierite from reagent grade oxides at 710°C and 2 kbar (using QMF buffer) with two intermediate stages of grinding and mixing. The cordierite has a unit cell volume of 1574.60 ų (molar volume=23.706 J/bar) and no Fe³⁺ as indicated by X-ray diffraction and room temperature Mössbauer studies respectively. Reaction direction was concluded by noting20% change of the ratios of intensities of two key X-ray diffraction peaks of cordierite and almandine. Our results show that the four-phase equilibrium curve passes through the points 2.1 kbar, 650°C and 2.5 kbar, 750°C. This disagrees with all previous experimental studies. H₂O in the Fe-cordierite, equilibrated at 2.2 kbar and 700°C and determined by H-extraction line in the stable isotope laboratory, is 1.13 wt% (n=0.41 moles). H₂O content of pure Mg-cordierite equilibrated under identical conditions and determined by thermogravimentric conditions and determined by thermogravimetric analysis is 1.22 wt% (n=0.40). Similar determinations on Fe-cordierite and Mg-cordierite equilibrated at 2.0 kbar and 650°C show 1.27 wt% (n=0.46) and 1.47 wt% (n=0.48) of H₂O respectively. Thus, H₂O content appears to be independent of Fe/Mg ratio in cordierite, a conclusion which supports previous experimental determinations. The experimentally determined equilibrium curve represents conditions of P_H2O=P_total. From this we calculated the anhydrous curve representing equilibrium under conditions of X _H2O ^V =0.0. A family of calculated equilibrium curves of constant n _H2O ^Cord cut the experimentally determined curve at a very small angle indicating a slight variation in n _H2O ^Cord in cordierite in equilibrium with almandine, sillimanite, and quartz under the conditions of constant X _H2O ^V . Ancther set of calculated equilibrium curves, each representing constant a _H2O ^V demonstrate that the slopes of the curves vary with X _H2O ^V , and are all positive in the full range of 0.0X _H2O ^V 1.0.  相似文献   

Čerenkov radiation within the Earth's upper atmosphere     

S. S. De  B. Ghosh  B. K. Sarkar  M. De  S. K. Adhikari 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1993,61(2):169-173

A brief review of erenkov radiation within the upper atmospheric plasma has been presented. Different attempts in this context are systematically discussed. The results of analysis about the nature and characteristics of VLF hisses in terms of incoherent erenkov radiation are given in a concise manner. The occurrence of resonance cone has also been reported.  相似文献   

Cation distribution in amphiboles synthesized along the Ga analogue of the tremolite–aluminotschermakite join     

D. M. Jenkins  K. Ishida  V. Liogys  D. Ghosh 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(2):87-97

 Amphiboles were synthesized from bulk compositions prepared along the join Ca_1.8Mg_5.2Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂–Ca_1.8Mg₃Ga₄Si₆O₂₂(OH)₂ hydrothermally at 750–850 °C and 1.0–1.8 GPa, and along the join Ca₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂F₂–Ca₂Mg₃Ga₄Si₆O₂₂F₂, anhydrously at 1000 °C and 0.7 GPa to document how closely the tschermak-type substitution is obeyed in these analogues of aluminous amphiboles. Electron-microprobe analyses and Rietveld X-ray diffraction structure refinements were performed to determine cation site occupancies. The extent of Ga substitution was found to be limited in both joins, but with the fluorine series having about twice the Ga content (0.6 atoms per formula unit, apfu) of the hydroxyl-series amphiboles (0.3 apfu). The tschermak-type substitution was followed very closely in the hydroxyl series with essentially equal partitioning of Ga between tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The fluorine-series amphiboles deviated significantly from the tschermak-type substitution and, instead, appeared to follow a substitution that is close to a Ca-pargasite substitution of the type: ^[6]Ga³⁺+2^[4]Ga³⁺+1/2^[A] Ca²⁺ = ^[6]Mg²⁺+2^[4]Si⁴⁺+1/2^[A]□. Infrared spectroscopy revealed an inverse correlation between the intensity of the OH-stretching bands and the Ga content for the hydroxyl- and fluorine-series amphiboles. The direct correlation between the Ga and F content and inverse relationship between the Ga and OH content may be a general phenomenon present in other minerals and suggests, for example, that high F contents in titanite are controlled by the Al content of the host rock and that there may be similar direct Al–F correlations in tschermakitic amphiboles. Evidence for the possibility that Al (Ga) might substitute onto only a subset of the tetrahedral sites in tschermakitic amphiboles was sought but not observed in this study. Received: 5 March 2001 / Accepted: 31 July 2001  相似文献   

Changes in physical and chemical properties of three soil types in India as a result of amendment with fly ash and sewage sludge   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

H. Veeresh  S. Tripathy  D. Chaudhuri  B. Ghosh  B. Hart  M. Powell 《Environmental Geology》2003,43(5):513-520

The use of coal fly ash and domestic sewage sludge in agriculture is being considered as one of the methods for recycling of these wastes in an environmental beneficial manner. Mixtures with soil were prepared at different proportions of fly ash and sludge, either alone or in combination at a maximum application rate of 52 t ha^-1. The changes in the selected properties and heavy metal contents of three soil types in India were studied after incubating the respective mixtures for 90 days at near field capacity moisture level. Sewage sludge, due to its acidic and saline nature, high organic matter and heavy metals content, had more impact on soil properties than the fly ash. Sludge application produced several changes including an increase in available nitrogen, organic carbon, salinity and water-holding capacity of the soils. The concentrations of major cations and heavy metals also increased because of the sludge application and the pH was decreased. However, the levels of individual metal concentrations in all the mixture types were below the allowable limits prescribed by several environmental agencies. Using fly ash either alone or in equal quantity with sewage sludge had little influence on soil properties and heavy metal content. The relative availability (RA) of heavy metals in three soils amended with 52 t ha^-1 of sewage sludge was observed to be highest in oxisol, followed by alfisol and vertisol.  相似文献   

Kinematics of the Gondwana basins of peninsular India     

Chandan Chakraborty  Nibir Mandal  Sanjoy Kumar Ghosh 《Tectonophysics》2003,377(3-4):299-324

The Gondwana successions (1–4 km thick) of peninsular India accumulated in a number of discrete basins during Permo-Triassic period. The basins are typically bounded by faults that developed along Precambrian lineaments during deposition, as well as affected by intrabasinal faults indicating fault-controlled synsedimentary subsidence. The patterns of the intrabasinal faults and their relationships with the respective basin-bounding faults represent both extensional and strike-slip regimes. Field evidence suggests that preferential subsidence in locales of differently oriented discontinuities in the Precambrian basement led to development of Gondwana basins with varying, but mutually compatible, kinematics during a bulk motion, grossly along the present-day E–W direction. The kinematic disparity of the individual basins resulted due to different relative orientations of the basement discontinuities and is illustrated with the help of a simple sandbox model. The regional E–W motion was accommodated by strike-slip motion on the transcontinental fault in the north.  相似文献   

Dinosaur coprolites from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Lameta Formation of India: isotopic and other markers suggesting a C₃plant diet     

Prosenjit Ghosh  S. K. Bhattacharya  Ashok Sahni  R. K. Kar  D. M. Mohabey  K. Ambwani 《Cretaceous Research》2003,24(6):743-750

A single locality of the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Lameta Formation at Pisdura in Central India has yielded a large number of coprolites attributed to titanosaurian dinosaurs. Internally the coprolites are dark grey and contain abundant plant tissues and other organic materials. The plant tissues are mostly of gymnospermous origin. In addition, remains of bacterial colonies, fungal spores and algae are seen in the macerated fraction under scanning electron microscope. The dark grey appearance is probably attributable to fine-grained organic matter within voids in tracheids or xylem. The average ¹³C/¹²C ratio of the organic matter in the coprolites is -24‰ (relative to PDB) suggesting that plants of C₃type were the main diet of their producers. A comparison of δ¹⁵N value (about 4‰ w.r.t. air) of the coprolites with that of faecal matter of modern herbivores and carnivores suggests that gut fermentation may not have been an active mechanism in the digestion process of titanosaurs.  相似文献   

A　Comparative　Study　of　the　Atmospheric　Layers　below　First　Lifting　Condensation　Level　for　Instantaneous　Pre-Monsoon　Thunderstorm　Ocurence　at　Agartala(23°30′N,91°15′E)　and　Ranchi(23°14′N,85°14′E)　of　India     

Sarbari Ghosh  Utpal Kumar De Atmospheric Science Research  Department of Physics  Jadavpur University  Calcutta  India Received April    revised July   《大气科学进展》1997,(1)

ＡＣｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅＳｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＬａｙｅｒｓｂｅｌｏｗＦｉｒｓｔＬｉｆｔｉｎｇＣｏｎｄｅｎｓａｔｉｏｎＬｅｖｅｌｆｏｒＩｎｓｔａｎｔａｎｅｏｕｓＰｒｅ－ＭｏｎｓｏｏｎＴｈｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｒｍＯｃｕｒｅｎｃｅａｔＡｇａ...  相似文献